When you enter the wenwan market, you will find many stones that are crowned as jade by merchants, such as Dushan jade, jade jade, Lantian jade, Jingbai jade, Huanglong jade, and even chalcedony. Of course, these can be said to be jade, but if we really want to know jade, or want to play with the collection, we have to distinguish these concepts. In fact, the definition of jade in ancient China is very broad: the jade explained by Xu Shen in the Eastern Han Dynasty is the "beautiful stone". Any beautiful and pleasing stone can be called jade. In short, everyone feels good. The stone is called jade. Modern standards and definitions of jade have broad and narrow meanings. Broadly speaking, jade is fine and hard, shiny, slightly transparent, and can be called jade (all kinds of so-called jade on the market). It is for this reason that it is named). In the narrow sense: Yute refers to the production of Xinjiang and Yuyu (also written by Hetian jade). However, the modern scientific evaluation of the material structure indicates that the jade jade is a calcium magnesium silicate, an amorphous aggregate composed of tremolite and actinolite, and the Russian jade and Qinghai jade on the market. The river mill jade and the Korean jade Chuncheon material belong to one kind of material, so they are also different from the jade jade, but the origin is different and the quality is different. Because of this, some collectors collect the Xinjiang jade in Xinjiang, because, in general, The quality of Xinjiang and Saitama is better. After all, the jade we usually call, and the jade we want to wear in our collection are the jade. This edition will give an overview of the knowledge of Putian here. I hope to help the entry-level players. During the National Day holiday, it is a good time for everyone to go out and Taobao, don't be misled by the business. What sources does Hetian jade include? 1. The traditionally known Hetian jade is in the Hetian area of ​​Xinjiang, specifically in the northern part of Kunlun Mountain, and can be divided into three sections: 1. The Tashkur section of the western section (ie Shache, Yecheng, Pishan) is about 400 kilometers long and is a poor quality section of the jade produced in Xinjiang. 2. The Hetian section of the middle section (ie Moyu, Hotan, Luopu, Yutian, Minfeng), about 500 kilometers, is the representative of Hetian jade. 3. The eastern part of the Bayin Guoyu Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture (ie, the end of the end, the Ruoqiang section), about 500 kilometers, is also a better quality section of the jade produced in Xinjiang. II. From the similarity of material composition, the range and nephrite is very wide, in addition to Hotan jade, but also include Qinghai jade, Russia jade, Han Guoyu and so on. 1. It is rich in Qinghai jade in the south of Kunlun Mountain, commonly known as Qinghai or Kunlun. Qinghai jade was discovered in the plateau area in the southwestern part of Golmud City, Qinghai Province, more than 100 kilometers along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway in the mid-1990s. The Qinghai jade production area belongs to the Kunlun Mountains and enters Qinghai Province in the east. The border is about 300 kilometers. 2. Russia's jade is abundant in the Ural Mountains of Russia's Siberia. The Kunlun Mountains of China are both mountains extending from west to east, with parallel spacing of more than 3,000 kilometers. The time for the mining of jade in Russia was in the 1980s. The mine site was located in the mountains near Lake Baikal in Russia, at an altitude of 2,500 meters. The mines that have been mined so far are located in the area of ​​Ulan-Ude, the capital of Brittany, Russia. 3. Korean jade was introduced to China in the 1990s. The main source of Korean material is Chuncheon in the southern part of the Korean peninsula. It is produced in the local serpentinite, and it is mostly blue-yellow and brown. The fat powder is not very good. The chemical composition of Korean material is basically similar to that of Xinjiang Hetian jade. The hardness and density are close to Hetian jade, which is slightly smaller and the hardness is about 5.5. The pursuit of Hetian jade in the market continues unabated, and its value is gradually rising. Many consumers will also like Hetian jade, especially the white jade (usually referred to as Hetian jade in the market) is regarded as a collection of good products. "Amoy" and Hetian jade people know that for any Hetian jade we will ask or the store will also emphasize, one is "mountain material" or "seed material", the second is the origin, these two points for Hetian jade Value has a big impact. However, it is not uncommon to deliberately confuse the origin of the market. If you want to buy it, you will not be fooled. It is necessary to understand the characteristics of different places and Tianyu. Hetian jade is classified according to the output environment and can be divided into primary mines (“mountain materialsâ€) and secondary mines (also divided into three types: “mountain flow waterâ€, “seed material†and “gobi materialâ€). The production environment of different producing areas has their own characteristics, so the quality of Hetian jade will be different. Xinjiang white jade The overall quality of white jade produced in Xinjiang is high, so the market price is relatively higher than other places of origin, especially high-quality seed. Xinjiang white “seed material†has a goose-like shape. It is generally small in size, smooth in shape, tight in texture, and white in color. The outer skin is an important appearance feature of the seed material. Xinjiang Baiyu “mountain material†has a large block size, irregular angularity, and the texture is thicker than the seed material. The color is more white, gray and white. Produced "Gobi materials" vary in size, mostly in the form of flakes, smooth surface, often with corrugated surface and sand holes of different sizes, the texture is fine, compact and hard. “Mountain Flow†and “Gobi Material†have similarities in shape and texture, but the block size is slightly larger and the color is whiter. Russian white jade The appearance of Russian white jade in the Chinese market is not very long. It is quite similar to Xinjiang white jade in terms of genesis, occurrence, mineral composition, impurity composition, structure and appearance, but there are also some differences. Different from the original skin and enamel raw skin of the sand-sand pit of Xinjiang seed material, the Russian seed material is the scalp skin, and the skin color is not rich in Xinjiang seed material. In terms of texture, Russian seed material is fine, moist and oily. The outer skin of Russian mountain material is outstanding. The industry also uses leather color to name the variety, including “sugar white jadeâ€, “white leather white jade†and “grey white jadeâ€. Russian mountain production is large, the block size is also large, the transparency is poor, the texture is not fine enough, and the carving is prone to collapse. The mountain water quality in Russia is basically the same as that in Xinjiang, but there are still differences in color and luster. Qinghai White Jade At present, only the mountain material is produced in the Baiyu mining area in Qinghai, China, and the output is larger in Qinghai nephrite. Qinghai large block of white, irregularly shaped, multi-angular, relatively neat Omo, Multi-color gray white ash, and white transparency than Xinjiang white Russia, was a felt-like texture, a bundle structure common lock or cotton fluff dark brown shade-like spots. Korea white Native nephrite deposits are also distributed in Korea, so there is a certain local white output, the domestic market commonly known as "Han stuff", is only in recent years in the country increased recently. Overall quality "Han materials" are low, mostly green yellow color or faint brown, waxy light obvious sense, the structure is relatively loose texture. Hetian jade from different origins has similarities in shape, blockiness, skin, color, transparency and texture. There are certain differences. The “Korean material†generally belongs to the low-grade materials of Hetian Yuzhong. The judgment of Hetian jade value Hetian jade mainly judges the value based on the purity of color and texture. Under the same quality, the top grade of glutinous jade in the top grade of white jade and topaz is better, followed by white jade and white jade, and again is sapphire, ink jade and jasper. Baiyu: In the prosperity period of several jade articles in the Han Dynasty, the Song Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, the selection of materials was highly valued. The high quality white jade was often carved into a "heavy weapon". The fat of the white jade, the top grade of white jade, the texture is pure and delicate, containing 99% of the flashing stone, the color is white, the gelatin-like luster, the same weight jade material, its economic value is much higher than the white jade, the Han Dynasty, the Song Dynasty and the Qing Emperor Qianlong Extremely praised sheep fat white jade. Qingbaiyu: There is no significant difference between the texture and the white jade. Only the white color of the jade color is light green and green. It is the third grade jade material of Hetian jade, and its economic value is slightly lower than that of white jade. Sapphire: The color is light green, green, gray and white. It is called sapphire and has abundant reserves. It is the main variety of jade collection or mining. Topaz: According to the change of color, it is named as dense wax yellow, maroon yellow, okra yellow, yellow yellow, egg yolk and so on. The dense sallow yellow and maroon yellow are extremely rare, and their value can be matched with the sheep white jade. In the Qing Dynasty, due to the homonym of “yellow†and “emperorâ€, it was extremely rare, and the economic value exceeded the fat white jade. Sugar jade: Sugar jade is often found in white jade or plain jade, which is called two-color jade material. It can be made into a "bright jade". It is made into a snuff bottle with sugar jade carving seeds. It is called "gold and silver wrap" and can also add value. . Moyu: The black spot is dense and dense, called pure paint ink, and its value is higher than other jade varieties. Jasper: The color of the pure dark green is the top grade, with a black spot, black spots or jade ribs. 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